Science of Stress, Testosterone & Free Will | Dr. Robert Sapolsky

In this episode, I interview Dr. Robert Sapolsky, Ph.D., Professor
of Biology, Neurology & Neurosurgery at Stanford University. We
discuss stress, what defines short-term versus long-term stress,
and how stress can be beneficial or detrimental, depending on the
context. We also discuss stress mitigation and how our sense of
control over stress mitigation techniques, including exercise,
determine health outcomes. Dr. Sapolsky explains some of the key
effects of the hormone testosterone — how it can amplify
pre-existing tendencies for aggression or sexual behavior, but that
it does not produce those behaviors per se. He also explains how
testosterone impacts our social hierarchies, sense of confidence,
and willingness to embrace challenges of different kinds. He also
explains how our behaviors and perceptions shape testosterone
levels. And we discuss estrogen and the powerful role it plays in
brain development, health and longevity. Finally, we discuss free
will, what it means to have free will, and if we have any free
will, including how knowledge alone might allow us to make better
decisions for ourselves and society.  Read the full show notes
for this episode at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1:
https://athleticgreens.com/huberman LMNT:
https://drinklmnt.com/hubermanlab Waking Up:
https://wakingup.com/huberman Momentous:
https://livemomentous.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00
Introduction: Dr. Robert Sapolsky   00:02:25 Sponsors:
AG1, LMNT & Waking Up 00:06:30 Stress: Short &
Long-Term, Good & Bad   00:09:11 Valence &
Amygdala   00:11:00 Testosterone: Common Myths vs. Actual
Truths   00:15:15 Behaviors that Affect
Testosterone   00:17:20 Mindsets & Contexts that
Affect Testosterone   00:20:28 How Finger Length Ratios
Reflect Prenatal Hormone Levels   00:22:30 Aggression:
Male-Female, Female-Male, & Female-Female   00:24:05
Testosterone: The Challenge Hypothesis   00:29:20 How
Dopamine Impacts Testosterone & Motivation   00:32:32
Estrogen: Improves Brain & Longevity BUT TIMING IS
KEY   00:39:40 Are Testosterone & Sperm Counts in
Males Really Dropping?   00:42:15 Stress Mitigation &
Our Sense of Control   00:51:35 How Best to Buffer
Stress   00:57:04 Power of Perception, Choice &
Individual Differences   01:00:32 Context-Setting,
Prefrontal Cortex & Hierarchy   01:11:20 How Dr.
Sapolsky Accomplishes Deep Thinking   01:13:17 Do We Have
Free Will?   01:20:50 How to Apply Knowledge &
Learning   01:23:44 Robert’s New Book: “Determined: The
Science of Life Without Free Will”   01:28:27
Reflections, Support of Podcast, & Supporting Stress
Research   Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about
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