The Science & Treatment of Bipolar Disorder

In this episode, I explain the biology, symptoms, causes and types
of bipolar disorder (sometimes called bipolar depression). I
discuss neuroplasticity and how the brain normally regulates mood,
energy, and perceptions; then, I contrast that with the biology of
bipolar disorder, which is characterized by extremes of energy and
mood, e.g., mania and depression. I outline the mechanisms through
which bipolar disorder manifests in the brain, including deficits
of interoception and reduced connections between the parietal and
limbic systems. I also outline how treatment options (such as
lithium) work in part through homeostatic plasticity.’ I discuss
not only lithium but also the treatment of bipolar with ketamine,
different talk therapies, electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial
magnetic stimulation, and nutraceuticals, including Omega-3 and
Inositol supplementation. This episode should interest anyone who
has or knows someone with bipolar disorder and, more broadly, those
interested in how the brain works to create a balance between
thoughts, energy levels, focus, and mood. For the full show notes,
visit hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1:
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https://drinklmnt.com/hubermanlab Waking Up:
https://wakingup.com/huberman Momentous:
https://livemomentous.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) Bipolar
Disorder (00:03:42) Tool: Appetite Suppression & GLP-1,
Parallel Pathways, Yerba Mate (00:9:19) Sponsors: AG1, LMNT
(00:14:24) Prevalence & Severity of Bipolar Disorder (00:16:30)
Bipolar Disorder I, Diagnostic Criteria of Mania (00:28:58) Bipolar
Disorder II, Individual Variability (00:33:07) Bipolar I vs.
Bipolar II: Manic, Depressive & Symptom-Free States (00:38:20)
Consequences of Bipolar Disorder, Heritability (00:46:53) Bipolar
Disorder vs. Borderline Personality Disorder (00:51:51) Mania &
Depression, Negative Impacts (00:53:06) History of Lithium
Treatment (01:02:44) Lithium Treatment & Side-Effects
(01:05:05) Effects of Lithium: BDNF, Anti-inflammatory &
Neuroprotection (01:10:10) Neural Circuits of Bipolar Disorder,
Interoception, Hyper- vs. Hypoactivity (01:17:11) Neural States
& Mania, Parietal Lobe & Limbic System (01:22:58)
Homeostatic Plasticity, Synaptic Scaling, Lithium & Ketamine
(01:36:00) Talk Therapies: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy,
Family-Focused Therapy, Interpersonal & Social Rhythm Therapy
(01:43:18) Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), Transcranial Magnetic
Stimulation (rTMS) (01:48:01) Psylocibin, Cannabis (01:51:50)
Lifestyle Support, Supplements: Inositol & Omega-3 Fatty Acids
(02:03:31) Omega-3s, Membrane Fluidity & Neuroplasticity
(02:06:44) Mania, Creativity & Occupations (02:15:33) Bipolar
Disorder: Diagnosis, Neural Circuits & Treatment (02:17:45)
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