Rectal Prolapse

What is Rectal Prolapse?


Rectal prolapse is another form of pelvic organ prolapse. Rectal
prolapse occurs as a result of the rectum (the last part of the
large intestine) being displaced or forced from its normal
position. This can lead to the rectum descending or protruding
out of the anus.


Rectal prolapse is often more common in older adults, more often
in older women, who have experienced prolonged issues with
constipation or pelvic floor issues. However, rectal prolapse can
affect men and women in various stages of life. Although it is
reported to be more common in women postmenopause, it can also
occur in people much younger as well.


In this article we will address some of the most pressing
questions regarding rectal prolapse and how it may be treated.


Types of Rectal Prolapse


As with other forms of prolapse, rectal prolapse is often a term
that defines various stages of a herniated anus. The three types
of rectal prolapse include:



Stage 1: the rectum has become displaced, but does not
protrude out of the anal cavity (also know as an internal
prolapse)


Stage 2: the rectal lining begins to descend into
the anal cavity


Stage 3: the rectum extends out of the anus entirely.



In many cases, people have found relief without the need of
medical or surgical attention. However, in severe cases, medical
attention may be necessary.


Causes of Rectal Prolapse


A rectal prolapse may occur due to various health conditions or
as a result of aging. In some cases, it may be a result of
complications during pregnancy or injuries to the pelvic or bowel
region. Below are a few possible causes of rectal prolapse.



Chronic constipation or diarrhea


Prolonged or chronic history of straining during bowel
movements


Old age: as you grow older, it is common to
experience a weakening of the rectal and anal muscles and
ligaments. It is also common to experience similar weakening in
the pelvic floor, which can create additional weakness in your
core.


Weakening of the anal sphincter


Injury or past surgical procedures to or near the anal and
pelvic regions


Nerve damage: If the nerves that control your
ability to contract the rectum or anus are damaged, rectal
prolapse may occur. This can be due to complications during
vaginal delivery, paralysis, a spinal injury, lumbar spine
surgery, or other surgeries in the pelvic area.


Other diseases, conditions and infections: There
are many other possible causes for rectal prolapse. These can
include health conditions such as diabetes, cystic fibrosis,
parasitic infections, or other diseases. Or, it may be caused
by other corrective surgical procedures, such as a
hysterectomy.



Rectal Hernia Symptoms


The most common symptoms of rectal prolapse is the feeling of a
bulge or ball extending out of the rectum. This can look like a
reddish-colored mass extending outside of the anus, or, in the
case of an internal prolapse, feel as if something is stuck in
your rectum. These symptoms are often experienced during or after
a bowel movement. In many cases, the symptoms will resolve
quickly. However, if you have a moderate to severe rectal
prolapse, over a prolonged period of time, you may experience the
rectum protruding out of the anus at the end of the day. This is
often spontaneous and may not require force or straining.


Other symptoms may include:


Anal pain

Rectal bleeding (may appear like a hemorrhoid)

Fecal incontinence (mucus, blood, stool)



The symptoms you suffer may change depending on the severity and
progression of your prolapse.


Diagnosis


A rectal prolapse requires a proper diagnosis in order to rule
out conditions that may correlate. In order for you to receive a
proper diagnosis, your doctor will have to perform a rectal exam.
Your doctor may ask you to sit on a toilet and attempt to perform
a bowel movement in order to see the prolapse.