Types of Hernia

Abdominal hernias occur when an organ or other piece of tissue
pushes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall. The sac or
bulge that protrudes from the weak spot may contain either a part
of the intestine or a piece of the fatty lining of the colon
(called the omentum). This typically occurs with hernias located
in the abdominal wall or in the groin.


If the hernia occurs in the diaphragm, the muscle that separates
the chest from the abdomen, the upper part of the stomach may
penetrate the weak area.


Your abdomen is made up of layers upon layers of different muscle
groups, tissues, and organs. It is possible that with age, prior
surgeries, past injuries, new injuries, or medical conditions
your abdominal muscle strength and support may become
compromised. Weak spots may develop in these layers allowing the
contents of your abdominal cavity to protrude or herniate. The
most common hernias include an inguinal hernia which occurs in
the groin, a hiatal hernia (herniated diaphragm), and an
umbilical hernia, which occurs in the belly button. Some hernias
may be congenital (present at birth), or they may be acquired
(happening at any point in your life).


Abdominal and Pelvic Floor Hernias


Inguinal Hernias


Groin hernias are the most common hernia to occur in both men and
women. Of the groin hernias, there are two different types:
inguinal hernia and a femoral hernia. Statistically, almost all
groin hernias are inguinal.


Inguinal hernias occur when part of your intestine protrudes
through a weak spot in your lower belly. This affects what is
known as the inguinal canal.


Of the inguinal hernias, there are type different types:



Indirect: Hernia that enters the inguinal canal


Direct: Hernia that does not enter the inguinal canal



Most people develop this type of hernia due to improper lifting
mechanics when lifting weights or other heavy objects.


Inguinal hernias are more common in men, yet are not limited to
adults either. The primary characteristic of an inguinal hernia
is a lump or bulge located on either side of the pubic bone when
the thigh meets the groin. You may notice this more when you
cough, stand, or strain and may be painful during these
activities. The lump may also disappear when you lay down.


It is important to note that one of the primary dangers of an
inguinal hernia is strangulated. Although many hernias are
asymptomatic and can be managed without experiencing much pain, a
strangulated hernia can cause severe pain, nausea, vomiting, and
may inhibit your ability to perform a bowel movement. If this
ever occurs, it is important to seek immediate medical attention.


Femoral Hernias


A femoral hernia typically occurs through an opening in the
abdominal floor in a space that allows for the femoral artery and
vein to pass from the abdomen and into the upper leg. Femoral
hernias are a groin hernia that tend to occur more frequently in
women than men due to their wider pelvic structure.


Like an inguinal hernia, a femoral hernia may pose potentially
life-threatening health risks. Femoral hernias are dangerous
because they are often asymptomatic until you need immediate
medical attention. If you notice a lump around the crease of your
groin or in the upper thigh, it is best to have a doctor take a
look at it.


Obturator Hernias


Obturator hernias are the least common of the three pelvic floor,
lower abdominal hernias. However, they are commonly found in
postpartum people who have experienced multiple pregnancies or in
people who have lost significant weight. The obturator canal
(another connection between the abdomen and the leg) may herniate
causing the obturator artery, vein, and nerve to protrude into
the upper leg of the individual.