Alongside the mammoth remains, researchers discovered stone tools crafted by Neanderthals, including a hand ax and small flint tools known a

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Five ice-age mammoth skeletons in “near-pristine condition” were
discovered in the Cotswolds after being buried for approximately
200,000 years
Neanderthal tools were discovered nearby.

Researchers have unearthed a mammoth "graveyard" filled with the
bony remains of five individuals — an infant, two juveniles and two
adults — that died during the last ice age at what is now a quarry
in Swindon, a town in southwest England.Alongside the mammoth
remains, researchers discovered stone tools crafted
by Neanderthals, including a hand ax and small flint tools
known as scrapers, which were used to clean fresh animal hides,
according to DigVentures, the crowdsourced archaeological outfit in
the U.K. that led the excavation. However, the team has yet to
analyze the mammoth bones to determine whether they have
Neanderthal tool marks on them.

"Finding mammoth bones is always extraordinary, but finding ones
that are so old and well preserved, and in such close proximity to
Neanderthal stone tools is exceptional," Lisa Westcott Wilkins, the
co-founder of DigVentures, said in a statement

Two amateur fossil hunters, Sally and Neville Hollingworth,
discovered the graveyard and Neanderthal tools. Soon after,
DigVentures organized two field seasons in 2019 and 2020 to
excavate the site. The archaeologist-led work uncovered more ice
age remnants, including delicate beetle wings, fragile freshwater
snail shells and mammoth remains, such as tusks, leg bones, ribs
and vertebrae belonging to a species of Steppe mammoth, a group
whose descendants include the woolly mammoth. Although early
Steppe mammoths stood up to 13.1 feet (4 meters) high at the
shoulders, the five mammoth individuals at the graveyard were
small, an indication that the species might have shrunk during an
especially cold spell during the ice age, according to
DigVentures.

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Researchers dated the site to between 220,000 and 210,000 years
ago, toward the end of an interglacial, or warm period, when
Neanderthals still lived in Britain. Once temperatures dropped,
however, the Neanderthals moved farther south.

Image 1 of 8

An archaeologist excavates a mammoth tusk. (Image credit:
DigVentures)

A mammoth tusk undergoing conservation to prevent
deterioriation. (Image credit: DigVentures)

A mammoth tooth from the site. (Image credit:
DigVentures)

A photo of a tusk before excavation. (Image credit:
DigVentures)

An archaeologist excavates a mammoth tibia, or leg
bone. (Image credit: DigVentures)

A mammoth bone at the site. (Image credit: DigVentures)

Based on the bones discovered, the mammoth "graveyard" had at least
five individuals. (Image credit: DigVentures)

A Neanderthal hand ax found at the site. (Image credit: Sally
Hollingworth and DigVentures)

Going forward, the team plans to figure out why so many mammoths
died at one spot and whether Neanderthals hunted the beasts or
scavenged their remains. Some previously found prehistoric evidence
suggests Neanderthals stalked mammoths and other large pachyderms.
For instance, Neanderthal footprints were found at a
100,000-year-old "nursery" for straight-tusked elephants
(Palaeoloxodon antiquus) in southern Spain, Live Science
previously reported. 

The new graveyard findings are described in the new BBC documentary
"Attenborough and the Mammoth Graveyard," with Sir David
Attenborough and Ben Garrod, an evolutionary biologist at the
University of East Anglia in the United Kingdom, who joined
DigVentures on site to film the excavations. The show airs at 8
p.m. GMT on Dec. 30 on BBC One.

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"The findings have enormous value for understanding the human
occupation of Britain, and the delicate environmental evidence
recovered will also help us understand it in the context of past
climate change," Duncan Wilson, the chief executive of Historic
England, a British historical preservation body, said in a
statement. "Through these finds and the research that will follow,
we look forward to further light being shed on life in Britain
200,000 years ago."

The work was funded by Historic England and supported by Keith
Wilkinson of ARCA at the University of Winchester, the site's
landowners Hills Group Quarry Products and a wider specialist team
from several U.K. research institutions.

Originally published on Live Science.

Laura Geggel 


Laura is an editor at Live Science. She edits Life's Little
Mysteries and reports on general science, including archaeology and
animals. Her work has appeared in The New York Times, Scholastic,
Popular Science and Spectrum, a site on autism research. She has
won multiple awards from the Society of Professional Journalists
and the Washington Newspaper Publishers Association for her
reporting at a weekly newspaper near Seattle. Laura holds a
bachelor's degree in English literature and psychology from
Washington University in St. Louis and an advanced certificate in
science writing from NYU.



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Researchers dated the site to between 220,000 and 210,000 years
ago, toward the end of an interglacial, or warm period, when
Neanderthals still lived in Britain. Once temperatures dropped,
however, the Neanderthals moved farther south.Going forward, the
team plans to figure out why so many mammoths died at one spot and
whether Neanderthals hunted the beasts or scavenged their remains.
Some previously found prehistoric evidence suggests Neanderthals
stalked mammoths and other large pachyderms. For instance,
Neanderthal footprints were found at a 100,000-year-old "nursery"
for straight-tusked elephants (Palaeoloxodon antiquus) in southern
Spain, Live Science previously reported. 

The new graveyard findings are described in the new BBC documentary
"Attenborough and the Mammoth Graveyard," with Sir David
Attenborough and Ben Garrod, an evolutionary biologist at the
University of East Anglia in the United Kingdom, who joined
DigVentures on site to film the excavations. The show airs at 8
p.m. GMT on Dec. 30 on BBC One.


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