420 | The Sana Manuscripts Comparison of Upper and Lower Layers

Dr Jay and Al Fadi continue the comparison between the upper and
the lower layers of the Sana manuscripts of the Quran with the
1924 Hafs edition of the Quran. They point out differences that
changes the meaning of the text; for example Sura  9: 9 in
the lower layer of the manuscripts states" the way of Allah while
the Hafs Quran of 1924 says 'His way".  Another difference
in the upper layer  as an example is Sura 7: 76 "you
directed vs he directed" They point out that most of the
differences have to do with the diacritical marking which did not
exist until the 8th century.  Even with the upper layer of
the manuscripts there was no standardized Quran yet. 


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