Development and Use of the Horse Grimace Scale - a conversation with Emanuela Dalla Costa

As horses don't express pain vocal, judging discomfort in equines
is not always easy. In this episode, I am talking to Emanuela Dalla
Costa. She developed a scale that uses facial expressions of horses
to detect equine discomfort and pain, and categorises it in
different levels. Before the HGS was developed, discovering
aspecific discomfort was difficult. If you don't know what you
search for, you wouldn't find. That has changed now! In the show
notes you find the download links to the specific open source
studies, and also to our illustration download.