Fakultät für Kulturwissenschaften - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU Archiv

Since they have been known in public, the Middle Kingdom rock tombs of Beni Hassan have always attracted visitors and admirers alike. This might come about due to their exposed position in the eastern cliffs of Middle Egypt high upon the river Nile. Among them some of the finest private tomb chapels of the Middle Kingdom are contained. This relates to the splendour of their architecture as well as to some of the finest mural paintings and inscrip-tions which ever became known out of Ancient Egypt. BH 3, which is very elegant in style and impressive in its lavishness of colours, being the tomb of the overseer of the Eastern Desert, Khnumhotep II. and the latest decorated tomb chapel in the row, dating from the time of Senwosret II. (about 1880 B.C.) has in many cases been considered the most fascinating of the all of them. The thesis presented focuses mainly on BH 2, tomb of the nomarch of the Oryx-nome, Amenemhet, called Jmnjj from the time of Senwosret I. (1956-1910 B.C.). BH 2 is the second youngest of the decorated tombs in the row and is equally well performed in its decoration as in its architecture. The main purpose of this study was to make obvious the "bridge function" of BH 2 as a link and – at the same time – as a separator between the earlier – decorated – tombs of Beni Hassan and BH 3, originating in the preservation and transfer of motives as well from the mural paintings as from the inscriptions of the earlier tombs into the composi-tion of Jmnjj('s) own tomb chapel, thus shaping a symbiotic relationship of old an new. The methods chosen to achieve this goal: First there had to be held a well-grounded analysis of all the earlier tombs concerning the composing elements of their tomb chapel decoration in comparison to the tomb chapel decoration of BH 2. Then an interpretation was attempted, concerning which composing elements were again used or not used in BH 2, drawing the conclusion, that the owner of the tomb chose certain motives for the mere purpose of legiti-mating. BH 2 represents the search for credentials, a man appointed to his position by the King has to make obvious, if he simultaneously wishes to trace his roots and to show his loyalty to the King.

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die antiquarische und archäologisch-historische Analyse der Trensen, Kandaren und Metallzäume aus den Vesuvstädten und -villen in Pompeji, Herculaneum, Stabiae und Boscoreale. Auf der Grundlage dieser Funde und im Vergleich mit Pferdetrensen aus den römischen Provinzen konnten neue Ansätze zur Typologie und Chronologie dieser Materialgattungen gewonnen werden. Die einzigartigen Fund- und Erhaltungsbedingungen erlaubten weiterführende Aussagen zur Funktion und Herstellung des Zaumzeugs. Dank des oft überlieferten Befundkontexts ließen sich Rückschlüsse auf den Gebrauch der Pferdegeschirrteile sowie Einsatz und Unterbringung von Reit-, Zug- und Lasttieren in einer antiken Stadt ziehen. Die Vorlage des spätrepublikanischen und frühkaiserzeitlichen Zaumzeugs aus der Vesuvregion stellt vor allem für Pompeji eine wesentliche Erweiterung des bisher bekannten Kleinfundspektrums dar.

The present dissertation focuses on religious and mythological beliefs, customs and traditions of the Austronesian peoples in Taiwan. The peoples in question have been studied in such various fields as anthropology (including ethnology or ethnography), linguistics, archaeology and so on since the 17th century. Chapter 1 is a brief survey of its research history. Chapter 2 discusses religious notions and practices like supernatural beings, deities and spirits, soul, right and left, and shamanism. Some mythological themes are treated also in this chapter. In chapter 3 “Notions and rituals concerning subsistence economy” is the core of the thesis, which relates religion and mythology of these peoples to subsistence activities of them. As regards hunting: “master of animals,” hunting rituals, religious treatment of bones, and similarity between hunting and headhunting; fishing and livestock keeping; in relation to horticulture: myths of the origin of crops, great rituals, the role of miscanthus and alder, distinction of inner and outer parts of the village, ritual hunting, rain making, ritual plays (swing, top spinning, ball games, stone fights, tug-of-war, running, wrestling, archery and ritual coitus), and headhunting. The 4th chapter describes briefly the rites of passage among the Taiwan aborigines. Finally the appendices include a list of village names in vernacular, Chinese and Japanese languages, and a type index of myths and folktales.

Die Arbeit untersucht den Überlieferungsprozeß des negativen Frauenbildes in den Quellen der Zhou- und Han-Zeit in China. Die literarische Umgestaltung der Gestalten vor allem im Werk Lie nü zhuan wird erläutert.