#008 I Cytology 05b(english). Utilisation of energy (part 2)

This episode describes the second part of the evolutionary
history of how prokaryotes harnessed energy.


Stage 5: Increased efficiency of electron
transport systems
Stage 6: Return flow of protons for ATP
synthesis
Stage 7: Reduction of CO₂ to obtain carbon –
reducing agents unavailable
Stage 8: New strategies for hydrogen (H₂)
acquisition
– Use of deep-sea volcanoes, chemosynthesis
– Rock transformation
– Use of radioactive radiation


Stage 9: Use of UV light (beginning of
photosynthesis)
– Green sulphur bacteria used hydrogen sulphide and developed a
new reducing agent
– Cyanobacteria used water


Stage 10: Two coupled photosystems
Stage 11: Detoxification and utilisation of
oxygen
Stage 12: Endosymbiosis – origin of
mitochondria
Stage 13: Endosymbiosis – origin of chloroplasts
and eukaryotes


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