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The 16th and 17th centuries in Norway were characterized by three
central developments:
1. The introduction of the Reformation in
Norway, which led to the establishment of the school system in
the 17th century. Reading and understanding faith in one's own
language became important, and many people learned to read and
write. However, Protestantism also resulted in witch-hunts during
the 17th century, where individuals were accused and killed for
being "witches."
2. Centralization of power of the Danish
king. Danish noblemen and the Danish king gained more power in
Norway during the 16th and 17th centuries. Danish began to
replace Norwegian as the written language, but people still spoke
their own Norwegian dialects.
3. Economic development in Norway. Norway
acquired two important industries during this period: timber
trade and mining. Timber trade involved cutting down trees and
selling timber, while mining involved extracting minerals, such
as iron, from mines. These industries were crucial for exporting
goods to other countries.
From 1660, Denmark-Norway became an absolute monarchy, similar to
France under Louis XIV. Absolute monarchy means that the king has
all the power, or more precisely, all power is derived from the
king. The period from 1660 to 1780 was characterized by:
1. European colonization and the
introduction of new plants and goods to Norway, such as tobacco,
potatoes, and spices. Potatoes, in particular, became important
for Norway. Additionally, Denmark-Norway established its own
colonies in Africa, India, and the Caribbean.
2. Wars with Sweden. During this period,
there were several major wars between Denmark-Norway and Sweden.
The wars usually ended in a relatively even manner, with both
sides weakened. However, Sweden managed to take Skåne from
Denmark (present-day southern Sweden) and Jemtland, Herjedalen,
and Båhuslen from Norway.
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