Lex Fridman Podcast Archiv

Cristos Goodrow is VP of Engineering at Google and head of Search and Discovery at YouTube (aka YouTube Algorithm).

If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon.

This episode is presented by Cash App. Download it (App Store, Google Play), use code “LexPodcast”. 

Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.

00:00 – Introduction

03:26 – Life-long trajectory through YouTube

07:30 – Discovering new ideas on YouTube

13:33 – Managing healthy conversation

23:02 – YouTube Algorithm

38:00 – Analyzing the content of video itself

44:38 – Clickbait thumbnails and titles

47:50 – Feeling like I’m helping the YouTube algorithm get smarter

50:14 – Personalization

51:44 – What does success look like for the algorithm?

54:32 – Effect of YouTube on society

57:24 – Creators

59:33 – Burnout

1:03:27 – YouTube algorithm: heuristics, machine learning, human behavior

1:08:36 – How to make a viral video?

1:10:27 – Veritasium: Why Are 96,000,000 Black Balls on This Reservoir?

1:13:20 – Making clips from long-form podcasts

1:18:07 – Moment-by-moment signal of viewer interest

1:20:04 – Why is video understanding such a difficult AI problem?

1:21:54 – Self-supervised learning on video

1:25:44 – What does YouTube look like 10, 20, 30 years from now?

Paul Krugman is a Nobel Prize winner in economics, professor at CUNY, and columnist at the New York Times. His academic work centers around international economics, economic geography, liquidity traps, and currency crises.

If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon.

This episode is presented by Cash App. Download it (App Store, Google Play), use code “LexPodcast”. 

Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.

00:00 – Introduction

03:44 – Utopia from an economics perspective

04:51 – Competition

06:33 – Well-informed citizen

07:52 – Disagreements in economics

09:57 – Metrics of outcomes

13:00 – Safety nets

15:54 – Invisible hand of the market

21:43 – Regulation of tech sector

22:48 – Automation

25:51 – Metric of productivity

30:35 – Interaction of the economy and politics

33:48 – Universal basic income

36:40 – Divisiveness of political discourse

42:53 – Economic theories

52:25 – Starting a system on Mars from scratch

55:11 – International trade

59:08 – Writing in a time of radicalization and Twitter mobs

Ayanna Howard is a roboticist and professor at Georgia Tech, director of Human-Automation Systems lab, with research interests in human-robot interaction, assistive robots in the home, therapy gaming apps, and remote robotic exploration of extreme environments.

If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon.

This episode is presented by Cash App. Download it (App Store, Google Play), use code “LexPodcast”. 

Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.

00:00 – Introduction

02:09 – Favorite robot

05:05 – Autonomous vehicles

08:43 – Tesla Autopilot

20:03 – Ethical responsibility of safety-critical algorithms

28:11 – Bias in robotics

38:20 – AI in politics and law

40:35 – Solutions to bias in algorithms

47:44 – HAL 9000

49:57 – Memories from working at NASA

51:53 – SpotMini and Bionic Woman

54:27 – Future of robots in space

57:11 – Human-robot interaction

1:02:38 – Trust

1:09:26 – AI in education

1:15:06 – Andrew Yang, automation, and job loss

1:17:17 – Love, AI, and the movie Her

1:25:01 – Why do so many robotics companies fail?

1:32:22 – Fear of robots

1:34:17 – Existential threats of AI

1:35:57 – Matrix

1:37:37 – Hang out for a day with a robot

Daniel Kahneman is winner of the Nobel Prize in economics for his integration of economic science with the psychology of human behavior, judgment and decision-making. He is the author of the popular book “Thinking, Fast and Slow” that summarizes in an accessible way his research of several decades, often in collaboration with Amos Tversky, on cognitive biases, prospect theory, and happiness. The central thesis of this work is a dichotomy between two modes of thought: “System 1” is fast, instinctive and emotional; “System 2” is slower, more deliberative, and more logical. The book delineates cognitive biases associated with each type of thinking.

If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon.

This episode is presented by Cash App. Download it (App Store, Google Play), use code “LexPodcast”. 

Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.

00:00 – Introduction

02:36 – Lessons about human behavior from WWII

08:19 – System 1 and system 2: thinking fast and slow

15:17 – Deep learning

30:01 – How hard is autonomous driving?

35:59 – Explainability in AI and humans

40:08 – Experiencing self and the remembering self

51:58 – Man’s Search for Meaning by Viktor Frankl

54:46 – How much of human behavior can we study in the lab?

57:57 – Collaboration

1:01:09 – Replication crisis in psychology

1:09:28 – Disagreements and controversies in psychology

1:13:01 – Test for AGI

1:16:17 – Meaning of life

Grant Sanderson is a math educator and creator of 3Blue1Brown, a popular YouTube channel that uses programmatically-animated visualizations to explain concepts in linear algebra, calculus, and other fields of mathematics.

If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon.

This episode is presented by Cash App. Download it (App Store, Google Play), use code “LexPodcast”. 

Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.

00:00 – Introduction

01:56 – What kind of math would aliens have?

03:48 – Euler’s identity and the least favorite piece of notation

10:31 – Is math discovered or invented?

14:30 – Difference between physics and math

17:24 – Why is reality compressible into simple equations?

21:44 – Are we living in a simulation?

26:27 – Infinity and abstractions

35:48 – Most beautiful idea in mathematics

41:32 – Favorite video to create

45:04 – Video creation process

50:04 – Euler identity

51:47 – Mortality and meaning

55:16 – How do you know when a video is done?

56:18 – What is the best way to learn math for beginners?

59:17 – Happy moment

Stephen Kotkin is a professor of history at Princeton university and one of the great historians of our time, specializing in Russian and Soviet history. He has written many books on Stalin and the Soviet Union including the first 2 of a 3 volume work on Stalin, and he is currently working on volume 3.

If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon.

This episode is presented by Cash App. Download it (App Store, Google Play), use code “LexPodcast”. 

Episode Links:

Stalin (book, vol 1): https://amzn.to/2FjdLF2

Stalin (book, vol 2): https://amzn.to/2tqyjc3

Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.

00:00 – Introduction

03:10 – Do all human beings crave power?

11:29 – Russian people and authoritarian power

15:06 – Putin and the Russian people

23:23 – Corruption in Russia

31:30 – Russia’s future

41:07 – Individuals and institutions

44:42 – Stalin’s rise to power

1:05:20 – What is the ideal political system?

1:21:10 – Questions for Putin

1:29:41 – Questions for Stalin

1:33:25 – Will there always be evil in the world?

Donald Knuth is one of the greatest and most impactful computer scientists and mathematicians ever. He is the recipient in 1974 of the Turing Award, considered the Nobel Prize of computing. He is the author of the multi-volume work, the magnum opus, The Art of Computer Programming. He made several key contributions to the rigorous analysis of the computational complexity of algorithms. He popularized asymptotic notation, that we all affectionately know as the big-O notation. He also created the TeX typesetting which most computer scientists, physicists, mathematicians, and scientists and engineers use to write technical papers and make them look beautiful.

If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon.

This episode is presented by Cash App. Download it (App Store, Google Play), use code “LexPodcast”. 

Episode Links:

The Art of Computer Programming (book set)

Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.

00:00 – Introduction

03:45 – IBM 650

07:51 – Geeks

12:29 – Alan Turing

14:26 – My life is a convex combination of english and mathematics

24:00 – Japanese arrow puzzle example

25:42 – Neural networks and machine learning

27:59 – The Art of Computer Programming

36:49 – Combinatorics

39:16 – Writing process

42:10 – Are some days harder than others?

48:36 – What’s the “Art” in the Art of Computer Programming

50:21 – Binary (boolean) decision diagram

55:06 – Big-O notation

58:02 – P=NP

1:10:05 – Artificial intelligence

1:13:26 – Ant colonies and human cognition

1:17:11 – God and the Bible

1:24:28 – Reflection on life

1:28:25 – Facing mortality

1:33:40 – TeX and beautiful typography

1:39:23 – How much of the world do we understand?

1:44:17 – Question for God

Melanie Mitchell is a professor of computer science at Portland State University and an external professor at Santa Fe Institute. She has worked on and written about artificial intelligence from fascinating perspectives including adaptive complex systems, genetic algorithms, and the Copycat cognitive architecture which places the process of analogy making at the core of human cognition. From her doctoral work with her advisors Douglas Hofstadter and John Holland to today, she has contributed a lot of important ideas to the field of AI, including her recent book, simply called Artificial Intelligence: A Guide for Thinking Humans.

If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon.

This episode is presented by Cash App. Download it (App Store, Google Play), use code “LexPodcast”. 

Episode Links:

AI: A Guide for Thinking Humans (book)

Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.

00:00 – Introduction

02:33 – The term “artificial intelligence”

06:30 – Line between weak and strong AI

12:46 – Why have people dreamed of creating AI?

15:24 – Complex systems and intelligence

18:38 – Why are we bad at predicting the future with regard to AI?

22:05 – Are fundamental breakthroughs in AI needed?

25:13 – Different AI communities

31:28 – Copycat cognitive architecture

36:51 – Concepts and analogies

55:33 – Deep learning and the formation of concepts

1:09:07 – Autonomous vehicles

1:20:21 – Embodied AI and emotion

1:25:01 – Fear of superintelligent AI

1:36:14 – Good test for intelligence

1:38:09 – What is complexity?

1:43:09 – Santa Fe Institute

1:47:34 – Douglas Hofstadter

1:49:42 – Proudest moment

Jim Gates (S James Gates Jr.) is a theoretical physicist and professor at Brown University working on supersymmetry, supergravity, and superstring theory. He served on former President Obama’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. He is the co-author of a new book titled Proving Einstein Right about the scientists who set out to prove Einstein’s theory of relativity.

If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon.

This episode is presented by Cash App. Download it (App Store, Google Play), use code “LexPodcast”. 

Episode Links:

Proving Einstein Right (book)

Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.

00:00 – Introduction

03:13 – Will we ever venture outside our solar system?

05:16 – When will the first human step foot on Mars?

11:14 – Are we alone in the universe?

13:55 – Most beautiful idea in physics

16:29 – Can the mind be digitized?

21:15 – Does the possibility of superintelligence excite you?

22:25 – Role of dreaming in creativity and mathematical thinking

30:51 – Existential threats

31:46 – Basic particles underlying our universe

41:28 – What is supersymmetry?

52:19 – Adinkra symbols

1:00:24 – String theory

1:07:02 – Proving Einstein right and experimental validation of general relativity

1:19:07 – Richard Feynman

1:22:01 – Barack Obama’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology

1:30:20 – Exciting problems in physics that are just within our reach

1:31:26 – Mortality

Sebastian Thrun is one of the greatest roboticists, computer scientists, and educators of our time. He led development of the autonomous vehicles at Stanford that won the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge and placed second in the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge. He then led the Google self-driving car program which launched the self-driving revolution. He taught the popular Stanford course on Artificial Intelligence in 2011 which was one of the first MOOCs. That experience led him to co-found Udacity, an online education platform. He is also the CEO of Kitty Hawk, a company working on building flying cars or more technically eVTOLS which stands for electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft.

If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts or support it on Patreon.

This episode is presented by Cash App. Download it (App Store, Google Play), use code “LexPodcast”. 

Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.

00:00 – Introduction

03:24 – The Matrix

04:39 – Predicting the future 30+ years ago

06:14 – Machine learning and expert systems

09:18 – How to pick what ideas to work on

11:27 – DARPA Grand Challenges

17:33 – What does it take to be a good leader?

23:44 – Autonomous vehicles

38:42 – Waymo and Tesla Autopilot

42:11 – Self-Driving Car Nanodegree

47:29 – Machine learning

51:10 – AI in medical applications

54:06 – AI-related job loss and education

57:51 – Teaching soft skills

1:00:13 – Kitty Hawk and flying cars

1:08:22 – Love and AI

1:13:12 – Life

Michael Stevens is the creator of Vsauce, one of the most popular educational YouTube channel in the world, with over 15 million subscribers and over 1.7 billion views. His videos often ask and answer questions that are both profound and entertaining, spanning topics from physics to psychology. As part of his channel he created 3 seasons of Mind Field, a series that explored human behavior.

If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts or support it on Patreon.

This episode is presented by Cash App. Download it (App Store, Google Play), use code “LexPodcast”. 

Episode links:

Vsauce YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/Vsauce

Vsauce Twitter: https://twitter.com/tweetsauce

Vsauce Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/electricpants/

Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.

00:00 – Introduction

02:26 – Psychology

03:59 – Consciousness

06:55 – Free will

07:55 – Perception vs reality

09:59 – Simulation

11:32 – Science

16:24 – Flat earth

27:04 – Artificial Intelligence

30:14 – Existential threats

38:03 – Elon Musk and the responsibility of having a large following

43:05 – YouTube algorithm

52:41 – Mortality and the meaning of life

Rohit Prasad is the vice president and head scientist of Amazon Alexa and one of its original creators.

If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts or support it on Patreon.

This episode is presented by Cash App. Download it (App Store, Google Play), use code “LexPodcast”. 

The episode is also supported by ZipRecruiter. Try it: http://ziprecruiter.com/lexpod

Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.

00:00 – Introduction

04:34 – Her

06:31 – Human-like aspects of smart assistants

08:39 – Test of intelligence

13:04 – Alexa prize

21:35 – What does it take to win the Alexa prize?

27:24 – Embodiment and the essence of Alexa

34:35 – Personality

36:23 – Personalization

38:49 – Alexa’s backstory from her perspective

40:35 – Trust in Human-AI relations

44:00 – Privacy

47:45 – Is Alexa listening?

53:51 – How Alexa started

54:51 – Solving far-field speech recognition and intent understanding

1:11:51 – Alexa main categories of skills

1:13:19 – Conversation intent modeling

1:17:47 – Alexa memory and long-term learning

1:22:50 – Making Alexa sound more natural

1:27:16 – Open problems for Alexa and conversational AI

1:29:26 – Emotion recognition from audio and video

1:30:53 – Deep learning and reasoning

1:36:26 – Future of Alexa

1:41:47 – The big picture of conversational AI

Judea Pearl is a professor at UCLA and a winner of the Turing Award, that’s generally recognized as the Nobel Prize of computing. He is one of the seminal figures in the field of artificial intelligence, computer science, and statistics. He has developed and championed probabilistic approaches to AI, including Bayesian Networks and profound ideas in causality in general. These ideas are important not just for AI, but to our understanding and practice of science. But in the field of AI, the idea of causality, cause and effect, to many, lies at the core of what is currently missing and what must be developed in order to build truly intelligent systems. For this reason, and many others, his work is worth returning to often.

If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts or support it on Patreon.

This episode is presented by Cash App. Download it (App Store, Google Play), use code “LexPodcast”. 

Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.

00:00 – Introduction

03:18 – Descartes and analytic geometry

06:25 – Good way to teach math

07:10 – From math to engineering

09:14 – Does God play dice?

10:47 – Free will

11:59 – Probability

22:21 – Machine learning

23:13 – Causal Networks

27:48 – Intelligent systems that reason with causation

29:29 – Do(x) operator

36:57 – Counterfactuals

44:12 – Reasoning by Metaphor

51:15 – Machine learning and causal reasoning

53:28 – Temporal aspect of causation

56:21 – Machine learning (continued)

59:15 – Human-level artificial intelligence

1:04:08 – Consciousness

1:04:31 – Concerns about AGI

1:09:53 – Religion and robotics

1:12:07 – Daniel Pearl

1:19:09 – Advice for students

1:21:00 – Legacy

Whitney Cummings is a stand-up comedian, actor, producer, writer, director, and the host of a new podcast called Good for You. Her most recent Netflix special called “Can I Touch It?” features in part a robot, she affectionately named Bearclaw, that is designed to be visually a replica of Whitney. It’s exciting for me to see one of my favorite comedians explore the social aspects of robotics and AI in our society. She also has some fascinating ideas about human behavior, psychology, and neurology, some of which she explores in her book called “I’m Fine…And Other Lies.”

If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts or support it on Patreon.

This episode is presented by Cash App. Download it (App Store, Google Play), use code “LexPodcast”. 

The episode is also supported by ZipRecruiter. Try it: http://ziprecruiter.com/lexpod

Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.

00:00 – Introduction

03:51 – Eye contact

04:42 – Robot gender

08:49 – Whitney’s robot (Bearclaw)

12:17 – Human reaction to robots

14:09 – Fear of robots

25:15 – Surveillance

29:35 – Animals

35:01 – Compassion from people who own robots

37:55 – Passion

44:57 – Neurology

56:38 – Social media

1:04:35 – Love

1:13:40 – Mortality