Katalogisierung von Phänotypen, Genotypen und Gentests molekulargenetisch charakterisierter Erbfehler beim Haushund (Canis familiaris)
Beschreibung
vor 14 Jahren
SUMMARY The scope of the present work was to provide an scientific
overview of the actually state of canine genetics of hereditary
diseases. Causative mutations, inheritance modes, breed disposition
and incidence of the single genetic defects in the affected dog
populations have been outlined. Additionally a special focus aims
on the gathering of actually available genetic tests for respective
hereditary diseases within different dog breeds. The present state
of science covers 76 genetically characterized hereditary diseases
of the dog (status: January, 2009). Their inheritance mode, genetic
basis, pathophysiology, breed dispositions and genetic control are
shown here in detail. Up to date, 61 DNA tests are available for
canine hereditary diseases. A compendium of the actually available
genetic tests for the affected breeds with different suppliers is
included in the appendix of this work. In the sector of genome
analysis and screening tests for dogs, high research activity can
be observed. This contributes to the specific suitability of the
species dog as an animal model for the investigation of human
hereditary diseases. The partial considerable inbreeding of some
dog breeds leads to the appearance of numerous monogenetic
hereditary diseases which are mostly of recessive nature. In
addition, research results of the last few years demonstrate that
these diseases are phenotypical or even genotypical homologues to
human hereditary diseases. The number of the dog´s identified
genetic mutations, which are connected to hereditary diseases, has
increased in the past years and will increase continuously in the
next years. An application of the enlarged genetic research results
is as well of interest to the human medicine, as to the
stockbreeding. The application of molecular-genetic screening
methods offers dog breeders the possibility to determine the
genetic status of their breeding dogs, to select healthy animals
and to minimize future hereditary defects. The incidence of
hereditary diseases can be reduced using genetic screening tests on
the breeding dogs before breeding, introducing DNA of breeding dogs
from other populations and avoiding the inbreeding within different
pedigrees of dogs. Since a couple of years numerous screening and
breeding programmes and the generation of genotype data banks are
an obligation within many associations of dog breeders. This might
accelerate an offbreeding of hereditary defects. The rising
quantity of genetic screening tests and further investigation of
undecoded mutations, will allow researches to amplify the
understanding in the wide field of the polygene diseases. Relieving
the succeeding generations of pedigree dogs from monogene and
polygene hereditary sufferings is the future aim.
overview of the actually state of canine genetics of hereditary
diseases. Causative mutations, inheritance modes, breed disposition
and incidence of the single genetic defects in the affected dog
populations have been outlined. Additionally a special focus aims
on the gathering of actually available genetic tests for respective
hereditary diseases within different dog breeds. The present state
of science covers 76 genetically characterized hereditary diseases
of the dog (status: January, 2009). Their inheritance mode, genetic
basis, pathophysiology, breed dispositions and genetic control are
shown here in detail. Up to date, 61 DNA tests are available for
canine hereditary diseases. A compendium of the actually available
genetic tests for the affected breeds with different suppliers is
included in the appendix of this work. In the sector of genome
analysis and screening tests for dogs, high research activity can
be observed. This contributes to the specific suitability of the
species dog as an animal model for the investigation of human
hereditary diseases. The partial considerable inbreeding of some
dog breeds leads to the appearance of numerous monogenetic
hereditary diseases which are mostly of recessive nature. In
addition, research results of the last few years demonstrate that
these diseases are phenotypical or even genotypical homologues to
human hereditary diseases. The number of the dog´s identified
genetic mutations, which are connected to hereditary diseases, has
increased in the past years and will increase continuously in the
next years. An application of the enlarged genetic research results
is as well of interest to the human medicine, as to the
stockbreeding. The application of molecular-genetic screening
methods offers dog breeders the possibility to determine the
genetic status of their breeding dogs, to select healthy animals
and to minimize future hereditary defects. The incidence of
hereditary diseases can be reduced using genetic screening tests on
the breeding dogs before breeding, introducing DNA of breeding dogs
from other populations and avoiding the inbreeding within different
pedigrees of dogs. Since a couple of years numerous screening and
breeding programmes and the generation of genotype data banks are
an obligation within many associations of dog breeders. This might
accelerate an offbreeding of hereditary defects. The rising
quantity of genetic screening tests and further investigation of
undecoded mutations, will allow researches to amplify the
understanding in the wide field of the polygene diseases. Relieving
the succeeding generations of pedigree dogs from monogene and
polygene hereditary sufferings is the future aim.
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