CD40-CD40L: Linking pancreatic, adipose tissue and vascular inflammation in type 2 diabetes and its complications

Numerous epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated the
strong association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and an
increased risk to develop cardiovascular disease. The pathogenesis
of T2DM and its complications are characterized by pancreatic,
adipose tissue and vascular inflammation. CD40 and CD40L, members
of the tumour necrosis factor (receptor) TNF(R) family, are well
known for their role in immunity and inflammation. Here we give an
overview on the role of CD40-CD40L interactions in the pathogenesis
of T2DM with a special focus on pancreatic, adipose tissue and
vascular inflammation. In addition, we explore the role of soluble
CD40L (sCD40L) as a potential biomarker for the development of
cardiovascular disease in T2DM subjects. Finally, the therapeutic
potential of CD40-CD40L inhibition in T2DM is highlighted.